In Sex and Culture (1934), Unwin studied 80 primitive tribes and 6 known civilizations through 5,000 years of history and found a positive correlation between the cultural achievement of a people and the sexual restraint they observe.
Little AI Summary :
J.D. Unwin, an Oxford anthropologist, conducted a comprehensive study of 86 societies and civilizations to understand the factors contributing to their rise and fall. His key findings can be summarized as follows:
Cultural Energy: Unwin proposed that the vitality and success of a civilization are closely linked to its cultural energy, which he defined as the collective enthusiasm and commitment of its members to shared values and goals.
Sexual Morality: One of his most controversial conclusions was that societies that practiced strict sexual morality tended to be more successful and stable. He argued that societies that allowed for greater sexual freedom often experienced a decline in cultural energy and cohesion, leading to eventual collapse.
Stages of Development: Unwin identified different stages of societal development, suggesting that civilizations typically progress from a state of high cultural energy and moral restraint to one of decline characterized by increased sexual freedom and moral laxity.
Impact of Freedom: He noted that while initial freedom and liberalization can lead to a flourishing society, over time, this can result in a loss of social cohesion and a decline in the civilization's overall strength.
Historical Patterns: Unwin's analysis indicated that the patterns of rise and fall were consistent across various cultures and historical periods, suggesting a universal principle regarding the relationship between sexual morality and societal stability.
Overall, Unwin's work emphasized the importance of cultural values and social cohesion in the longevity and success of civilizations, positing that moral frameworks play a crucial role in their sustainability.
J.D. Unwin's exploration of sexual morality in relation to the rise and fall of civilizations is one of the most provocative aspects of his research. Here are more detailed points regarding this concept:
Definition of Sexual Morality: Unwin defined sexual morality as the societal norms and values that regulate sexual behavior, including the institution of marriage, fidelity, and the general attitudes toward sexual relationships. He posited that societies with strict sexual codes tended to foster stronger social bonds and a greater sense of community.
Cultural Energy and Cohesion: Unwin argued that sexual morality contributes to what he termed "cultural energy," which is the collective enthusiasm and commitment of individuals within a society. He believed that when sexual behavior is regulated and aligned with societal values, it enhances social cohesion, leading to a more unified and productive society.
Historical Examples: In his study, Unwin examined various civilizations, including the Romans, Greeks, and early Christian societies. He noted that as these societies became more permissive regarding sexual behavior, they often experienced a decline in cultural energy, which he associated with a weakening of social structures and values.
Cycle of Decline: Unwin proposed a cyclical pattern in which societies that initially thrive due to strong sexual morality eventually become more liberal and permissive. This shift, he argued, leads to a decline in social cohesion, increased individualism, and a loss of shared values, ultimately resulting in societal collapse or transformation.
Impact on Family Structure: He emphasized the importance of the family unit as a cornerstone of societal stability. In societies with strong sexual morality, families tended to be more stable, with clear roles and responsibilities. As sexual norms relaxed, family structures often became more fragmented, contributing to social instability.
Moral Frameworks and Governance: Unwin also suggested that societies with strong moral frameworks were better equipped to establish effective governance and social order. He believed that moral clarity provided a foundation for laws and social norms that promote the common good, whereas moral ambiguity could lead to chaos and conflict.
Critique and Controversy: Unwin's conclusions have been met with criticism and debate. Some scholars argue that his emphasis on sexual morality oversimplifies the complex factors that contribute to societal success or failure. Others contend that his findings reflect cultural biases and may not be universally applicable across different societies and historical contexts.
In summary, Unwin's analysis of sexual morality posits that the regulation of sexual behavior plays a crucial role in the stability and longevity of civilizations. He argued that societies that maintain strong moral codes around sexuality are more likely to experience cultural vitality and cohesion, while those that embrace permissiveness may face decline and fragmentation.